| Background |
40S ribosomal protein S3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS3 gene. Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit, where it forms part of the domain where translation is initiated. The protein belongs to the S3P family of ribosomal proteins. Studies of the mouse and rat proteins have demonstrated that the protein has an extraribosomal role as an endonuclease involved in the repair of UV-induced DNA damage. The protein appears to be located in both the cytoplasm and nucleus but not in the nucleolus. Higher levels of expression of this gene in colon adenocarcinomas and adenomatous polyps compared to adjacent normal colonic mucosa have been observed. This gene is co-transcribed with the small nucleolar RNA genes U15A and U15B, which are located in its first and fifth introns, respectively. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. |
| Reference |
1. Kenmochi, N., Kawaguchi, T., Rozen, S., Davis, E., Goodman, N., Hudson, T. J., Tanaka, T., Page, D. C. A map of 75 human ribosomal protein genes. Genome Res. 8: 509-523, 1998.
2. Pogue-Geile, K., Geiser, J. R., Shu, M., Miller, C., Wool, I. G., Meisler, A. I., Pipas, J. M.Ribosomal protein genes are overexpressed in colorectal cancer: isolation of a cDNA clone encoding the human S3 ribosomal protein. Molec. Cell. Biol. 11: 3842-3849, 1991.
3. Polakiewicz, R. D., Munroe, D. J., Jani Sait, S. N., Tycowski, K. T., Nowak, N. J., Shows, T. B., Housman, D. E., Page, D. C. Mapping of ribosomal protein S3 and internally nested snoRNA U15A gene to human chromosome 11q13.3-q13.5. Genomics 25: 577-580, 1995. |
