GOAT ANTI MOUSE CD184 (N-TERMINAL)

GWB-3CF647

Polyclonal IgGSpecies Cross Reactivity: Reacts with: XenopusN. B. Antibody reactivity and working conditions may vary between species.

AAM67 recognises an epitope within the N-terminal (NT) region of mouse CD184 otherwise known as CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4) a transmembrane glycoprotein and member of the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family ubiquitously expressed in blood and tissue cells which acts as a specific receptor for the chemokine SDF-1 (Stromal cell-derived factor 1). Interaction of CD184 with SDF-1 mediates the chemotaxis of progenitor and mature blood cells and is critical for B-lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis. CD184 is a major co-receptor for infection by T-cell tropic strains of HIV1 and also a primary receptor for some HIV2 isolates. AAM67 is reported as suitable for use in immunocytochemistry on mouse spleen leucocytes. Recommended Secondary Antibodies: Rabbit Anti Goat IgG (Fc)

In unstimulated cells diffuse pattern on plasma membrane. On agonist stimulation colocalizes with ITCH at the plasma membrane where it becomes ubiquitinated By similarity. Tissue specificityLymphocytes macrophages neutrophils microglial cells and astrocytes. Found in spleen thymus bone marrow lymph nodes and at lower levels in brain small intestine stomach and kidney. CXCR4-A is predominant in all tissues tested. Developmental stageHigh expression during embryonic development does not seem to be associated with the differentiation of any particular cell type but is widely utilized when there is a requirement for cell movement. Frequently associated with less differentiated cell types and down-regulated with subsequent differentiation. Detected in sites with haemopoietic potential: the yolk sac (7. 5 8. 5 and 12. 5 dpc) and fetal liver (12. 5 dpc). During gastrulation at 7. 2 to 7. 8 dpc expressed in the mesoderm and the definitive endoderm. As gastrulation pattern fades (8. 5 dpc) expression in the mesoderm is down-regulated while it becomes predominant in neural ectoderm. Endodermal expression is retained in the foregut and later in a subset of foregut derivatives including the stomach (10. 5 dpc) the cystic ducts of the gall bladder and the lung epithelium (12. 5 dpc). In neuronal tissue: at 10. 5 and 12. 5 dpc expressed in the dorsal root ganglia in the ventral mantle layer of the spinal cord (or basal plates) in the hindbrain. At 14. 5 dpc expression more tightly confined to the neural epithelium lining the ventricular space and to the external granular layer of the ventral rhombic lip (the developing cerebellum). Expressed in the outpocketing of the diencephalic floor at 10. 5 dpc and in the developing thalamus and to a lesser extent the developing hypothalamus. At 14. 5 dpc restricted to the region where thalamus and hypothalamus meet. Detected in a discrete band of cells at the edge of the olfactory bulb. In the vascular system: expressed in the endothelium of numerous blood vessels but not all at 10. 5 11. 5 and 12. 5 dpc such as vitelline/umbilical vessels cardiac ventricular wall capillaries facial vessels and at 14. 5 pdc in the vasculature of the herniated gut. Expression seems to be associated with expanding vascular networks. In the heart development expressed at 10. 5 dpc in the precursor to the aortopulmonary (AP) septum. At 12. 5 dpc detected in the AP septum at the base of the outflow tract and in the atrioventricular valves. Detected in cranofacial ectoderm from 10. 5 to 14. 5 dpc. At 10. 5 and 11. 5 dpc expressed in the Rathke pouch. Ref. 11Post-translational modificationPhosphorylated on agonist stimulation. Rapidly phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues in the C-terminal. Phosphorylation at Ser-331 and Ser-332 leads to recruitment of ITCH ubiquitination and protein degradation By similarity. Ubiquitinated by ITCH at the cell membrane on agonist stimulation. The ubiquitin-dependent mechanism endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) then targets CXCR4 for lysosomal degradation. This process is dependent also on prior Ser-/Thr-phosphorylation in the C-terminal of CXCR4. Also binding of ARRB1 to STAM negatively regulates CXCR4 sorting to lysosomes though modulating ubiquitination of SFR5S By similarity. Sulfation is required for efficient binding of CXCL12/SDF-1alpha and promotes its dimerization By similarity. O- and N-glycosylated. N-glycosylation can mask coreceptor function. The O-glycosylation chondroitin sulfate attachment does not affect interaction with CXCL12/SDF-1alpha nor its coreceptor activity By similarity. Sequence similaritiesBelongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. 1. Takahashi K. et al. (1996) Keratan sulfate modification of CD44 modulates adhesion to hyaluronate. J Biol Chem. 271: 9490 - 9496. 2. Belitsos P. C. et al. (1990) Homotypic cell aggregation induced by anti-CD44 (Pgp-1) monoclonal antibodies and related to CD44(Pgp-1) expression. J. Immunol. 144: 1661 - 1670. [1] \" A lymphocyte molecule implicated in lymph node homing is a member of the cartilage link protein family. \" Stamenkovic I. Amiot M. Pesando J. M. Seed B. Cell 56:1057-1062(1989) [PubMed: 2466575] [Abstract]Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 12). [2] \" The multispecific cell adhesion molecule CD44 is represented in reticulocyte cDNA. \" Harn H. -J. Isola N. Cooper D. L. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 178:1127-1134(1991) [PubMed: 1840487] [Abstract]Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 12). Tissue: Reticulocyte. [3] \" The hematopoietic and epithelial forms of CD44 are distinct polypeptides with different adhesion potentials for hyaluronate-bearing cells. \" Stamenkovic I. Aruffo A. Amiot M. Seed B. EMBO J. 10:343-348(1991) [PubMed: 1991450] [Abstract]Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 10). [4] \" Molecular cloning of CD44R1 and CD44R2 two novel isoforms of the human CD44 lymphocyte \' homing\' receptor expressed by hemopoietic cells. \" Dougherty G. J. Lansdorp P. M. Cooper D. L. Humphries R. K. J. Exp. Med. 174:1-5(1991) [PubMed: 2056274] [Abstract]Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 10 AND 11). Tissue: Myeloid leukemia cell. [5] \" The core protein of epican a heparan sulfate proteoglycan on keratinocytes is an alternative form of CD44. \" Kugelman L. C. Ganguly S. Haggerty J. G. Weissman S. M. Milstone L. M. J. Invest. Dermatol. 99:886-891(1992) [PubMed: 1281868] [Abstract]Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 4) VARIANT LYS-417. Tissue: Keratinocyte. [6] \" Genomic structure of DNA encoding the lymphocyte homing receptor CD44 reveals at least 12 alternatively spliced exons. \" Screaton G. R. Bell M. V. Jackson D. G. Cornelis F. B. Gerth U. Bell J. I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 89:12160-12164(1992) [PubMed: 1465456] [Abstract]Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. Tissue: Lymphoblast. [7] \" CD44: a multitude of isoforms with diverse functions. \" Gunthert U. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 184:47-63(1993) [PubMed: 7508842] [Abstract]Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1) VARIANT HIS-494. [8] \" Novel variants of CD44 arising from alternative splicing: changes in the CD44 alternative splicing pattern of MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells treated with hyaluronidase. \" Tanabe K. K. Nishi T. Saya H. Mol. Carcinog. 7:212-220(1993) [PubMed: 8352881] [Abstract]Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 2; 13 AND 14). Tissue: Mammary carcinoma. [9] \" CD44 in normal and neoplastic human cartilage. \" Bosch P. P. Stevens J. W. Buckwalter J. A. Midura R. J. Submitted (DEC-1995) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 12). Tissue: Articular cartilage. [10] \" Sequence analysis of the human CD44 antigen. \" Wiebe G. J. Freund D. Corbeil D. Submitted (APR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 10 AND 12). Tissue: Colon adenocarcinoma and Retinal pigment epithelium.