Bad, phosphorylated (Ser99) (Bcl2 Antagonist Of Cell Death, BAD, Bcl-2-binding Component 6, Bcl-XL/Bcl-2-Associated Death Promoter, Bcl-2-like 8 Protein, BAD, BBC6, BCL2L8)

Antibodies / Antibodies-Apoptosis

-20°C

Supplied as a liquid in PBS, 0.09% sodium azide.

Synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to amino acid residues surrounding Ser99 of human Bad (KLH).

Bad is a member of the BCL-2 family. BCL-2 family members are known to be regulators of programmed cell death. This protein positively regulates cell apoptosis by forming heterodimers with BCL-xL and BCL-2, and reversing their death repressor activity. Proapoptotic activity of this protein is regulated through its phosphorylation. Protein kinases AKT and MAP kinase, as well as protein phosphatase calcineurin are found to be involved in the regulation of this protein. Bad is phosphorylated on one or more of Ser-75, Ser-99, Ser-118 and Ser-134 in response to survival stimuli, which blocks its pro-apoptotic activity. Phosphorylation on Ser-99 or Ser-75 promotes heterodimerization with 14-3-3 proteins. This interaction then facilitates the phosphorylation at Ser-118, a site within the BH3 motif, leading to the release of Bcl-X(L) and the promotion of cell survival. Ser-99 is the major site of AKT/PKB phosphorylation, Ser-118 the major site of protein kinase A (CAPK) phosphorylation.

Applications:
Suitable for use in ELISA, Western Blot, Dot Blot, and Immunohistochemistry. Other applications not tested.

Recommended Dilution:
ELISA: 1:1, 000
Western Blot: 1:100-1:500
Immunohistochemistry: 1:50-1:100
Dot Blot: 1:500
Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.

Storage and Stability:
May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.