Anti-AMPA Receptor 4 (GluR4) (extracellular)

Antibodies

AMPA Receptor 4, Glutamate receptor 4, Ionotropic glutamate receptor 4, AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 4, GRIA4, GluR-D

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C

Lyophilized powder. Reconstituted antibody contains phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4

AMPA Receptor 4, Glutamate receptor 4, Ionotropic glutamate receptor 4, AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 4, GRIA4, GluR-D - A Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody to AMPA-Selective Glutamate Receptor 4 (GluR4)

Mouse, human - identical

Confirmed by amino acid analysis and mass spectrometry

0.8 mg/ml

Extracellular, N-terminus

Rat

41116161

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter and modulates its effects via ionotropic and metabotropic receptors which are different in their molecular, biochemical, pharmacological and physiological properties1.The ionotropic ligand-gated ion channel glutamate receptors are classified into three major subtypes, AMPA, kainate and NMDA receptors according to their selective agonist.AMPA receptors consist of four closely related genes with about 70% homology that encode the four subunits GluR1-4. Their expression is known to be developmentally regulated2 and are also known to undergo alternative splicing. In fact, all four receptors have two splice variants, termed flip and flop, in an extracellular region adjacent to the M4 transmembrane region3. These splice variants are also developmentally regulated such that flip is expressed before birth and remains highly expressed throughout adulthood whereas flop expression is postnatal and reaches flip's level in adulthood4.In addition to their expression regulation, flip and flop also differ in their activation/inactivation kinetics. Each AMPA receptor contains 3 membrane spanning domains (M1, M3 and M4), while the fourth hydrophobic domain (M2) is a reentering cytoplasmic loop that forms part of the channels pore1. Different stoichiometries of these receptors form tetrameric structures to eventually form functional receptors5.AMPA receptors are highly expressed in the brain. However, the GluR4 subunit is present in lower amounts in the CNS, except in the reticular thalamic neuclei and the cerebellum1.The primary depolarization in glutamate neurotransmission is mediated by AMPA receptors, which are also key players in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory formation. The cellular distribution and post-translational modifications like phosphorylation are important for the activity of AMPA receptors and are thought to play a role in the long lasting and activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength6-9.