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ELISA Kit for Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFa)

ELISA Kit for Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFa)

ArtNr	SEA133Ra-10x96T
Hersteller	Cloud-Clone
Menge	10x96 T
Quantity options	10x96 T 24 T 48 T 5x96 T 96 T
Kategorie	Oncology Neuroscience Neuroinflammation Metabolism Diabetes Glucose Homeostasis By Cell Type Cell Biology Obesity Cell Culture Cytokines Cell Status Necrosis Apoptosis ELISA ELISA & Immunoassays ELISA Kits Immunoassay By Organ Lung Cancer
Typ	Elisa-Kit
Specific against	Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Sensitivity	The minimum detectable dose of this kit is typically less than 5.9pg/mL
Citations	Hypericum Perforatum Hydroalcoholic Extract Mitigates Motor Dysfunction and is Neuroprotective in Intrastriatal 6-Hydroxydopamine Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on advanced glycation endproduct-induced aortic endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: possible roles of Rho kinase- and AMP kinase-mediated nuclear factor κB signaling pathways Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 alleviates liver cirrhosis via improvement of the dysfunctional Cavia (Guinea pig )t-liver axis in rats Effect of 15% Alcohol Dependence on Alveolar Bone Loss and TNF-α Secretion in Wistar Rats Neuroprotective Effect of Ginsenoside Rd in Spinal Cord Injury Rats Upregulation of neuronal zinc finger protein A20 expression is required for electroacupuncture to attenuate the cerebral inflammatory injury mediated by the nuclear factor-kB signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats Antioxidant effects of Spirulina supplement against lead acetate-induced hepatic injury in rats. Poria Attenuates Idiosyncratic Liver Injury Induced by Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata Hyperglycemia Aggravates Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Inducing Chronic Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Effect of traditional Chinese medicine formula Sinisan on chronic restraint stress-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a rat study. Diosgenin ameliorates development of neuropathic pain in diabetic rats: Involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation. Noni leaf and black tea enhance bone regeneration in estrogen-deficient rats. The neutrophil elastase inhibitor, sivelestat, attenuates sepsis-related kidney injury in rats Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome impairs erectile function through increased endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and corporal fibrosis … The Neuroprotective Effect of Puerarin in Acute Spinal Cord Injury Rats. Zisheng Shenqi decoction ameliorates monosodium urate crystal-induced gouty arthritis in rats through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects Pinellia ternata Attenuates Mucus Secretion and Airway Inflammation after InhaledCorticosteroid Withdrawal in COPD Rats. Protective Effects of Bifidobacterium on Intestinal Barrier Function in LPS-Induced EnterocyteBarrier Injury of Caco-2 Monolayers and in a Rat NEC Model. Protective effects of fish oil on pre-diabetes: a lipidomic analysis of liver ceramides in rats. Transplantation of a bacterial consortium ameliorates trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitisand intestinal dysbiosis in rats. Bone fracture healing is delayed in splenectomic rats Learning and memory improvement and neuroprotection of Gardenia jasminoides (Fructusgardenia) extract on ischemic brain injury rats. Effect of concomitant administration of coenzyme Q10 with sitagliptin on experimentally induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Comparison of human adipose stromal vascular fraction and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the attenuation of acute renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Salusin-β contributes to oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic cardiomyopathy Protective effects of N-acetylcystein and atorvastatin against renal and hepatic injury in a rat model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion Impact of purified oat 1-3, 1-4-β-d-glucan of different molecular weight on alleviation of inflammation parameters during gastritis The effect of anagliptin on intimal hyperplasia of rat carotid artery after balloon injury Cardioprotective time-window of Penehyclidine hydrochloride postconditioning: A rat study Hydrogen-Rich Saline Attenuates Brain Injury Induced by Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Inhibits Microvascular Endothelial Cell Apoptosis Via the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β … Immunomodulatory Activities of a Fungal Protein Extracted from Hericium erinaceus through Regulating the Gut Microbiota a-Asarone Attenuates Cognitive Deficit in a Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus Rat Model via a Decrease in the Nuclear Factor-觀B Activation and Reduction in Microglia Neuroinflammation. Comparison of human adipose stromal vascular fraction and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the attenuation of acute renal ischemia/reperfusion injury Decrease in Adult Neurogenesis and Neuroinflammation Are Involved in Spatial Memory Impairment in the Streptozotocin-Induced Model of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease in Rats Chemical composition of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide and inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage High-dose dexamethasone induced LPS-stimulated rat alveolar macrophages apoptosis. Protective Effect of Origanum Oil on Alterations of Some Trace Elements and Antioxidant Levels Induced by Mercuric Chloride in Male Rats Platelet-derived growth factor and stromal cell-derived factor-1 promote the skin wound repairing effect of bone mesenchymal stem cells: a key role of matrix metalloproteinase 1 and collagens Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits inflammatory responses via modulation of the nuclear factor‑κB pathway and inhibitionof inflammasome activation in alcoholic hepatitis Dexmedetomidine Alleviates HyperoxiaInduced Acute Lung Injury via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Protective effect of Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit extract on ulcerative colitis in wistar rats via regulation of inflammatory mediators and cytokines Interleukin-17 antagonist attenuates lung inflammation through inhibition of the ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced acute lung injury Protective effect of salvianolic acid B against intestinal ischemia reperfusion-induced injury in a rat model Protective effect of high mobility group box-1 silence on diabetic retinopathy: an in vivo study Electroacupuncture Suppresses the NF-κB Signaling Pathway by Upregulating Cylindromatosis to Alleviate Inflammatory Injury in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Rats Global gene expression profile of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat MCAO model Neuroprotection of Botch in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells pretreated with acetylsalicylic acid on experimental periodontitis in rats Protective effect of aplysin on liver tissue and the gut microbiota in alcohol-fed rats Cis-stilbene glucoside in Polygonum multiflorum induces immunological idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity in LPS-treated rats by suppressing PPAR-γ. Biological effects of adipocytes in sulfur mustard induced toxicity Mild hypothermia pretreatment protects against liver ischemia reperfusion injury via the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a pathway Qiliqiangxin Enhances Cardiac Glucose Metabolism and Improves Diastolic Function in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats S1 PR 3 is essential for phosphorylated fingolimod to protect astrocytes against oxygen‐glucose deprivation‐induced neuroinflammation via inhibiting TLR 2/4‐NF κB … Activated Α7nachr Improves Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Intestinal Injury Induced by Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Rats: Inhibition of the Proinflammatory … The role of mesenchymal stem cells in chemotherapy-induced gonadotoxicity Exposure to environmental level phenanthrene induces a NASH-like phenotype in new born rat A Novel Role of Irbesartan in Gastroprotection against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury in Rats: Targeting DDAH/ADMA and EGFR/ERK Signaling Maternal PUFA omega-3 supplementation prevents hyperoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in the offspring Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ plays dual roles on experimental periodontitis in rats Multivessel analysis of progressive vascular aging in the rat: Asynchronous vulnerability among vascular territories Phytic acid improves intestinal mucosal barrier damage and reduces serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines in a 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colorectal … Hepatoprotective effect of flavonoid-enriched fraction from Cyclocarya paliurus leaves on LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver failure Resolvin D2 protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats Angiotensin II Type 1a Receptors in the Subfornical Organ Modulate Neuroinflammation in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus in Heart Failure Rats Nifuroxazide, a STAT3 inhibitor, mitigates inflammatory burden and protects against diabetes-induced nephropathy in rats Intra-arterial human urinary kallidinogenase alleviates brain injury in rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion through PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 signaling pathway Aspirin modulates the inflammatory response in a thrombus‑stimulated LMVEC model E3 Ubiquitin Ligase c-cbl Inhibits Microglia Activation After Chronic Constriction Injury Diallyl sulfide alleviates cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats via suppressing NF‐κB downstream inflammatory proteins and p53/Puma signalling pathway Tualang Honey Reduced Neuroinflammation and Caspase-3 Activity in Rat Brain after Kainic Acid-Induced Status Epilepticus Protective effects of N (2)‑L‑alanyl‑L‑glutamine mediated by the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway on myocardial ischemia reperfusion Hydrogen‑rich solution against myocardial injury and aquaporin expression via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway during cardiopulmonary bypass in rats Emodin Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Activities in Rats Hydrogen‑rich solution attenuates myocardial injury caused by cardiopulmonary bypass in rats via the Janus‑activated kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of … S‑adenosyl methionine regulates calcium channels and inhibits uterine smooth muscle contraction in rats with infectious premature delivery through the transient … Effectiveness of steamed and cooked broccoli to attenuate bone marrow injury and suppressed haemopoiesis in male rats exposed to petrol vapours Uroprotective mechanism of quercetin against cyclophosphamide‐induced urotoxicity: Effect on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers SLC1A2 mediates refractory temporal lobe epilepsy with an initial precipitating injury by targeting the glutamatergic synapse pathway Mechanistic insights to the cardioprotective effect of Blueberry Nutraceutical Extract in Isoprenaline-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy Improved endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acid production mends heart function via increased PGC 1α-mitochondrial functions in metabolic syndrome Detoxification and activating blood circulation decoction reduces restenosis involving the TLR4/NF-κB pathway after balloon injury Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation and joint application of probiotics on rats with alcoholic liver disease Obesity Aggravates Acute Pancreatitis via Damaging Intestinal Mucosal Barrier and Changing Microbiota Composition in Rats Sinomenine Attenuates Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via Nrf2 Pathway Protective effects of sulforaphane on diabetic retinopathy: activation of the Nrf2 pathway and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome formation Rebuilding post-infarcted cardiac functions by injecting TIIA@ PDA NPs-crosslinked ROS sensitive hydrogels Honokiol Attenuates Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Adiponectin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cell injury of H9c2 cells by regulating AMPK pathway Transcriptome profiling reveals the anti-diabetic molecular mechanism of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides: Anti-diabetic molecular mechanism of Cyclocarya?… Synergistic enhancement and hepatoprotective effect of combination of total phenolic extracts of L. and methotrexate for treatment of rheumatoid?… Microglia-Derived Adiposomes are Potential Targets for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke Metabolomics analysis of baicalin on ovalbumin-sensitized allergic rhinitis rats Interrelation of liver vascularity to non-alcoholic fatty liver through a comparative study of the vasodilator effect of carvedilol or nicorandil in rats The wound healing potential of a pro-angiogenic peptide purified from Indian Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) venom Knockdown of periostin attenuates 5/6 nephrectomy‐induced intrarenal renin–angiotensin system activation, fibrosis, and inflammation in rats Network pharmacology oriented study reveals inflammatory state-dependent dietary supplement hepatotoxicity responses in normal and diseased rats Crosstalk between Cdk5/p35 and ERK1/2 signalling mediates spinal astrocyte activity via the PPARγ pathway in a rat model of chronic constriction injury Treatment with etanercept attenuates brain death-associated liver injuries in rats Madecassoside ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity in rats by activating the Nrf2-HO-1 pathway Dietary Supplements of Barley and Date-Palm Fruit Improved the Growth Defects of Ovaries of Rat Offspring Maternally Fed on Hypercholesterolemic Diet Antihyperuricemic and anti-gouty arthritis activities of Aurantii fructus immaturus carbonisata-derived carbon dots The effects of hydrogen-rich saline solution on intestinal anastomosis performed after intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury Dietary supplementation of barley and/or dates attenuate hypercholesterolemic‐induced endometrial dysfunction in Wistar albino rats via alleviation of apoptotic … A dietary polysaccharide from Eucheuma cottonii downregulates proinflammatory cytokines and ameliorates osteoarthritis-associated cartilage degradation in obese … Protective effect of Vitamin D3 against lead induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, immunosuppressive and calcium homeostasis disorders in rat Targetingp53/TRAIL/caspase-8 signaling by adiponectin reverses thioacetamide-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats Betulinic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular hyporeactivity in the rat aorta by modulating Nrf2 antioxidative function Metallothionein-1 is associated with osteoarthritis disease activity and suppresses proinflammatory cytokines production in synovial cells The effects of L-NAME on DU145 human prostate cancer cell line: a cytotoxicity-based study High‑fat treatment prevents postoperative cognitive dysfunction in a hyperlipidemia model by protecting the blood‑brain barrier via Mfsd2a‑related signaling Kappa opioid receptor agonists improve postoperative cognitive dysfunction in rats via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway Resveratrol Reverses Thioacetamide-Induced Renal Assault with respect to Oxidative Stress, Renal Function, DNA Damage, and Cytokine Release in Wistar Rats Qingkailing injection ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and modulates the AMPK/NLRP3 Inflammasome Signalling pathway Salidroside mitigates skeletal muscle atrophy in rats with cigarette smoke-induced COPD by up-regulating myogenin and down-regulating myostatin expression Royal Jelly (Bee Product) Decreases Inflammatory Response in Wistar Rats Induced with Ultraviolet Radiation Ginsenoside Rg3-loaded, reactive oxygen species-responsive polymeric nanoparticles for alleviating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury Neuroprotective effect of Wogonin on Rat's brain exposed to gamma irradiation Rotundic Acid Protects against Metabolic Disturbance and Improves Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes Rats Gambir Extract (Uncaria Gambir) Decreases Inflammatory Response and Increases Gastric Mucosal Integrity in Wistar Rats-Model Gastritis Renoprotective effect of vildagliptin following hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury AVNP2 protects against cognitive impairments induced by C6 glioma by suppressing tumour associated inflammation in rats Anti-placental growth factor antibody ameliorates hyperoxia-mediated impairment of lung development in neonatal rats Topical Therapeutic Efficacy of Ebselen Against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus LT-1 Targeting Thioredoxin Reductase Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs alleviate severity of post‐ERCP pancreatitis by inhibiting inflammation and reducing apoptosis Silica nanoparticles induce JNK-mediated inflammation and myocardial contractile dysfunction Hydrogen-Rich Saline Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury and Endothelial Dysfunction by Regulating Autophagy through mTOR/TFEB … Polydatin ameliorates chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (chemobrain) by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in rats Metformin and trimetazidine ameliorate diabetes-induced cognitive impediment in status epileptic rats Shenfu injection attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial inflammation and apoptosis in rats Ligustrazine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide‑induced neurocognitive impairment by activating autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway Active Cousinia thomsonii Extracts Modulate Expression of Crucial Proinflammatory Mediators/Cytokines and NFκB Cascade in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced … Daphnetin ameliorates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis via activation of Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling Chlorogenic acid prevents acute myocardial infarction in rats by reducing inflammatory damage and oxidative stress Toxicological impact of sodium benzoate on inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and biochemical markers in male Wistar rats Effect of procyanidins on lipid metabolism and inflammation in rats exposed to alcohol and iron Downregulation of ROCK2 attenuates alcohol-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in astrocytes miR-205/IRAK2 signaling pathway is associated with urban airborne PM2.5-induced myocardial toxicity Exosomes Derived from MicroRNA-146a-5p-Enriched Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Inhibiting Neuronal … Liraglutide ameliorates lipotoxicity-induced inflammation through the mTORC1 signalling pathway Assessment of acute toxicological effects of molybdenum (IV) disulfide nano-and microparticles after single intratracheal administration in rats Integrated metabolomics and gut microbiome to the effects and mechanisms of naoxintong capsule on type 2 diabetes in rats Amelioration of Coagulation Disorders and Inflammation by Hydrogen-Rich Solution Reduces Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats through NF-κB … A potential drug combination of omeprazole and patchouli alcohol significantly normalizes oxidative stress and inflammatory responses against gastric ulcer in ethanol … CX3CR1-microglia mediates neuroinflammation and blood pressure regulation in the nucleus tractus solitarii of fructose-induced hypertensive rats Electroacupuncture alleviates intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction by activating dopamine in a rat model of intestinal ischaemia Diosmin ameliorates inflammation, insulin resistance, and fibrosis in an experimental model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats Celastrol attenuates collagen-induced arthritis via inhibiting oxidative stress in rats Neuroprotective effect of CTRP3 overexpression against sevoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged rats through activating AMPK/SIRT1 and … Effect of Lonicerae japonicae Flos Carbonisata-Derived Carbon Dots on Rat Models of Fever and Hypothermia Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Insights Into Protective Mechanisms of Dandelion Leaf Extract Against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats: Role of Inhibitory Effect on Inflammatory and Apoptotic … Vitamin D3 and calcium cosupplementation alleviates cadmium hepatotoxicity in the rat: Enhanced antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory actions by remodeling cellular … Honokiol inhibits inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in a rat model of pregnancy-induced hypertension Wine pomace product modulates oxidative stress and microbiota in obesity high-fat diet-fed rats Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) leaf extract reduces brain damage in diabetic male rats Accacia senegel extract ameliorates Lead Acetate-mediated Hepatotoxicity in rats. Phytochemical and Toxicological Effect of Ethanol Extract of Heliotropium Indicum on Liver of Male Albino Rats Interferon regulatory factor 8 induces alveolar macrophage hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via the PINK1/Parkin mitophagy pathway Antidepressant Effect of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) Bark Extract in Chronic Stress-Induced Rats Paeoniflorin inhibited nod©\like receptor protein©\3 inflammasome and NF©\¦ÊB©\mediated inflammatory reactions in diabetic foot ulcer by inhibiting the chemokine?¡ Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) for inflammatory regulation after excision and grafting of severe burn wounds in rats Astragaloside IV alleviates silica?induced pulmonary fibrosis via inactivation of the TGF?¦Â1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway Alleviation of remote lung injury following liver ischemia/reperfusion: Possible protective role of vildagliptin Evaluation of the hepatoprotective activity of Pulicaria incisa subspecies candolleana and in silico screening of its isolated phenolics Glucagon-like peptide-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide dual receptor agonist DA-CH5 is superior to exendin-4 in protecting neurons in the 6?¡ Celecoxib ameliorates liver cirrhosis via reducing inflammation and oxidative stress along spleen-liver axis in rats Protective effects of hydrogen rich saline solution on ventral penile Mathieu type flap with penile tourniquet application in rats Concanavalin A induces apoptosis in a dose©\dependent manner by modulating thiol/disulfide homeostasis in C6 glioblastoma cells Anti-Atherogenic Effects of Orlistat on Obesity-Induced Vascular Oxidative Stress Rat Model Hepatoprotective effect of arjunolic acid against cisplatin©\induced hepatotoxicity: Targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis Cecal microbial transplantation attenuates hyperthyroid©\induced thermogenesis in Mongolian gerbils From hair to pancreas: transplanted hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells express pancreatic progenitor cell markers in a rat model of acute pancreatitis Masseter muscle and gingival tissue inflammatory response following treatment with high©\fructose cor
ECLASS 10.1	32160605
ECLASS 11.0	32160605
UNSPSC	41116126
Alias	DIF,TNF-A,TNFSF2,Cachectin,Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 2
Lieferbar
Specificity	Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
Manufacturer - Applications	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection.
Manufacturer - Category	ELISA CLIA Kits
Sample type	Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Assay length	3h
Method	Double-antibody Sandwich
Specificity	This assay has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFa). No significant cross-reactivity or interference between Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFa) and analogues was observed.
Precision	Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay): 3 samples with low, middle and high level Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFa) were tested 20 times on one plate, respectively. Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): 3 samples with low, middle and high level Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFa) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate. CV(%) = SD/meanX100 Intra-Assay: CV<10% Inter-Assay: CV<12%
Stability	The stability of kit is determined by the loss rate of activity. The loss rate of this kit is less than 5% within the expiration date under appropriate storage condition. To minimize extra influence on the performance, operation procedures and lab conditions, especially room temperature, air humidity, incubator temperature should be strictly controlled. It is also strongly suggested that the whole assay is performed by the same operator from the beginning to the end.
Assay procedure summary	1. Prepare all reagents, samples and standards; 2. Add 100uL standard or sample to each well. Incubate 2 hours at 37° C; 3. Aspirate and add 100uL prepared Detection Reagent A. Incubate 1 hour at 37° C; 4. Aspirate and wash 3 times; 5. Add 100uL prepared Detection Reagent B. Incubate 30 minutes at 37° C; 6. Aspirate and wash 5 times; 7. Add 90uL Substrate Solution. Incubate 10-20 minutes at 37° C; 8. Add 50uL Stop Solution. Read at 450nm immediately.
Test principle	The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFa). Standards or samples are then added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFa). Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFa), biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFa) in the samples is then determined by comparing the O.D. of the samples to the standard curve.
Manufacturer - Research Area	Cytokine; Tumor immunity; Infection immunity;

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