Guanidine (hydrochloride)

50-01-1

95.53

H2O : >= 50 mg/mL (523.40 mM); DMSO : >= 100 mg/mL (1046.79 mM)

Metabolic Enzyme/Protease

Guanidine hydrochloride (Guanidinium chloride) a strong chaotrope, is also a strong denaturant of proteins^[1][2]. In Vitro: Guanidine hydrochloride at low concentrations refolds acid-unfolded apomyoglobin and cytochrome c, stabilizing the molten globule state, i.e. a compact denatured state with a significant amount of secondary structure, but substantially disordered tertiary structure. Guanidine hydrochloride (> 1 M) causes co-operative unfolding of the molten globule state^[1].
A considerable degree of ordered structure remains due to the presence of disulfide bonds, which Guanidine hydrochloride does not affect^[2].
Guanidine hydrochloride at millimolar concentrations, is able to causes efficient loss of the normally stable [PSI⁺] element from yeast cells. 5 mM Guanidine hydrochloride in growth media cures [PSI⁺] and other prions of yeast. 5 mM Guanidine hydrochloride significantly reduces Hsp104-mediated basal and acquired thermotolerance by 30-fold and 50 fold, respectively. Guanidine hydrochloride also reduces the ability of Hsp104 to restore activity of thermally denatured luciferase^[3]. In Vivo: A significant reduction in the death rate of infant mice infected with ten LD₅₀) of coxsackievirus A16 is observed when they are treated 58 h after infection with two injections of Guanidine hydrochloride at 145 mg/kg per injection^[4].