MAP Kinase p44/42 (MAPK3/MAPK1,Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase 1,MAP Kinase 1,MAPK 1,ERT1,Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase 2,ERK-2,MAP Kinase Isoform p42,p42-MAPK,Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase 2,MAP Kinase 2,MAP

Pab

Bovine, Chicken, Human, Mouse, Rat, Sheep, Xenopus

-20°C

Supplied as a liquid in PBS, pH7.4, 0.09% sodium azide, 50% glycerol.

A 35 residue synthetic peptide, corresponding to Erk1 MAP kinase with the CGG spacer group added and the peptide coupled to KLH.

The extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1 and ERK2), also called p44 and p42 MAP kinases, are members of the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) family of proteins found in all eukaryotes. Because the 44kD ERK1 and the 42kD ERK2 are highly homologous and both function in the same protein kinase cascade, the two proteins are often referred to collectively as ERK1/2 or p44/p42 MAP kinase (1). They are both located in the cytosol and mitochondria (2). While the role of cytosol ERK1/2 is well studied and involved in multiple cellular functions (2), the role of mitochondrial ERK1/2 remains poorly understood. Both ERK 1 and 2 are activated by MEK1 or MEK2, by dual phosphorylation of a threonine and tyrosine residue in the activation loop (TEY motif) (1, 3). Either phosphorylation alone can induce an electrophoretic mobility shift, but both are required for activation of the kinase. This dual phosphorylation is efficiently detected by phosphorylation state-specific antibody directed to
the pTEpY motif. Once activated, MAP kinases phosphorylate a broad spectrum of substrates, including cytoskeletal proteins, translation regulators, transcription factors, and the Rsk family of protein kinases (4). ERK1/2 activation is generally thought to confer a survival advantage to cells (5); however there is increasing evidence that suggests that the activation of ERK1/2 also contributes to cell death under certain conditions (5). ERK1/2 also is activated in neuronal and
renal epithelial cells upon exposure to oxidative stress and toxicants or deprivation of growth factors, and inhibition of the ERK pathway blocks apoptosis (5).

Applications:
Suitable for use in Flow Cytometry, Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence and Immunocytochemistry. Other applications not tested.

Recommended Dilutions:
Western Blot: 1:1000
Immunohistochemistry: 1:100
Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: 1:100
Flow Cytometry: 1:100
Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.

Storage and Stability:
May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.