CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) Rabbit anti-Human Polyclonal Antibody

GWB-4E3CF6

Immunohistochemistry - Paraffin (IHC-P) (Optimal dilution to be determined by the researcher)Uses: IHC (16 ug/ml) (Optimal dilution to be determined by the researcher)Protocols from PublicationsCitation: Datta D Flaxenburg JA Laxmanan S Geehan C Grimm M Waaga-Gasser AM Briscoe DM Pal S. Ras-induced modulation of CXCL10 and its receptor splice variant CXCR3-B in MDA-MB-435 and MCF-7 cells: relevance for the development of human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2006 Oct 1; 66(19):9509-18. PubMed PMID: 17018607. Experiment Name: Immunohistochemistry was done on 4-& micro; m-thick serial frozen sections of human breast tumors [invasive mammary carcinoma (IMC; n = 3) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS; n = 3)] and normal breast tissue (n = 3). Experiment Background:1. Human breast cancer cells express the chemokine CXCL10 (IP-10) and also its receptor CXCR3. 2. Dipak et. al. investigated the role of Ras activation in the regulation of CXCL10 and its receptor splice variant CXCR3-B in two human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-435 and MCF-7. 3. CXCL10 binding to CXCR3-A leads to cell proliferation and chemotaxis whereas binding of CXCL10 to CXCR3-B has been shown to mediate growth inhibition. Experiment Steps: 1. First incubate acetone-fixed sections with either goat anti-human CXCL10 (R& amp; D Systems) or rabbit anti-human CXCR3 (recognizing both A and B isoforms; Biotech Inc. San Diego CA). 2. Incubate with a species-specific horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody. 3. Wash specimens thoroughly in between incubations and develop in 3 3' -diaminobenzidine (BioGenex San Ramon CA). 4. Counterstain in Gill' s hematoxylin using standard techniques.

Membrane; multi-pass membrane protein.

Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family [view classification]. Summary: CD183 is a G protein-coupled receptor with selectivity for three chemokines termed IP10 (interferon-g-inducible 10 kDa protein) Mig (monokine induced by interferon-g) and I-TAC (interferon-inducible T cell a-chemoattractant). IP10 Mig and I-TAC belong to the structural subfamily of CXC chemokines in which a single amino acid residue separates the first two of four highly conserved Cys residues. Historically CD183 is the third CXC chemokine receptor discovered and therefore commonly designated as CXCR3. Binding of chemokines to CD183 induces cellular responses that are involved in leukocyte traffic most notably integrin activation cytoskeletal changes and chemotactic migration. Inhibition by Bordetella pertussis toxin suggests that heterotrimeric G protein of the Gi-subclass couple to CD183. Signal transduction has not been further analyzed but may include the same enzymes that were identified in the signaling cascade induced by other chemokine receptors. As a consequence of chemokine-induced cellular desensitization (phosphorylation-dependent receptor internalization) cellular responses are typically rapid and short in duration. Cellular responsiveness is restored after dephosphorylation of intracellular receptors and subsequent recycling to the cell surface. A hallmark of CD183 is its prominent expression in in vitro cultured effector/memory T cells and in T cells present in many types of inflamed tissues. In addition IP10 Mig and I-TAC are commonly produced by local cells in inflammatory lesion suggesting that CD183 and its chemokines participate in the recruitment of inflammatory cells. Therefore CD183 is a target for the development of small molecular weight antagonists which may be used in the treatment of diverse inflammatory diseases. [1] Dagan-Berger M. Feniger-Barish R. Avniel S. Wald H. Galun E. Grabovsky V. Alon R. Nagler A. Ben-Baruch A. and Peled A. Role of CXCR3 carboxyl terminus and third intracellular loop in receptor-mediated migration adhesion and internalization in response to CXCL11. [2] Aksoy M. O. Yang Y. Ji R. Reddy P. J. Shahabuddin S. Litvin J. Rogers T. J. and Kelsen S. G. CXCR3 surface expression in human airway epithelial cells: cell cycle dependence and effect on cell proliferation. [3] Wu S. Gessner R. Taube T. Korte A. von Stackelberg A. Kirchner R. Henze G. and Seeger K. Chemokine IL-8 and chemokine receptor CXCR3 and CXCR4 gene expression in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia at first relapse. [4] Sfriso P. Oliviero F. Calabrese F. Miorin M. Facco M. Contri A. Cabrelle A. Baesso I. Cozzi F. Andretta M. et al. Epithelial CXCR3-B regulates chemokines bioavailability in normal but not in Sjogren\' s syndrome salivary glands. [5] Rahangdale S. Morgan R. Heijens C. Ryan T. C. Yamasaki H. Bentley E. Sullivan E. Center D. M. and Cruikshank W. W. Chemokine receptor CXCR3 desensitization by IL-16/CD4 signaling is dependent on CCR5 and intact membrane cholesterol. [6] Loetscher M. Gerber B. Loetscher P. Jones S. A. Piali L. Clark-Lewis I. Baggiolini M. Moser B. Chemokine receptor specific for IP10 and mig: structure function and expression in activated T-lymphocytes. [7] Lasagni L. Francalanci M. Annunziato F. Lazzeri E. Giannini S. Cosmi L. Sagrinati C. Mazzinghi B. Orlando C. Maggi E. et al. An alternatively spliced variant of CXCR3 mediates the inhibition of endothelial cell growth induced by IP-10 Mig and I-TAC and acts as functional receptor for platelet factor 4. [8] Gutierrez J. Varona R. Zaballos A. Lind P. Marquez G. Submitted (SEP-1996) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. [9] Warren C. N. Aronstam R. S. Sharma S. V. cDNA clones of human proteins involved in signal transduction sequenced by the Guthrie cDNA resource center (www. cdna. org). [10] Strausberg R. L. Feingold E. A. Grouse L. H. Derge J. G. Klausner R. D. Collins F. S. Wagner L. Shenmen C. M. Schuler G. D. Altschul S. F. et al. Generation and initial analysis of more than 15 000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Product Protocol: To see this product used in a peer reviewed journal click the following link: Ras-induced Modulation of CXCL10 and Its Receptor Splice Variant CXCR3-B in MDA-MB-435 and MCF-7 Cells: Relevance for the Development of Human Breast Cancer