a-Actin (Smooth Muscle)

GWB-F8FCE0

A synthetic peptide corresponding to N-terminus of human Alpha-actin 3 was used as immunogen. This antibody only detects actin in smooth muscle in immunohistochemistry. Predicted to cross-react with mouse and rat based on sequence homology.

WB: 1:1 000 - 5 000IHC: 1:1000-2000FC: 1:20IP: 1:20. Actins are highly conserved proteins ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. They comprise along with microtubules a major component of the cytoskeleton. Actin has been found to be expressed in at least six isomeric forms. It is expressed in heart and skeletal striated muscle tissue and in certain smooth muscle tissues regulating contractile potentials for these cells. It is also expressed in the cytoplasm of non-muscle cells functioning to control cell structure and motility (1). Polymerization of globular actin (G-actin) leads to a structural filament (F-actin) whose formation requires the Arp2/3 complex (2). It has been reported that actin is hyperphosphorylated in primary breast tumors (3). It has also been shown that actin dysfunction leads to certain types of heart failure (4). Smooth muscle alpha actin is of further interest because it is one of a few genes whose expression is relatively restricted to vascular smooth muscle cells. Furthermore expression of smooth muscle alpha actin is regulated by hormones and cell proliferation and is altered by pathological conditions including oncogenic transformation and atherosclerosis (5). 1. Maass A Kajahn J Guerleyik E et al Towards a pragmatic strategy for regenerating infarcted myocardium with glandular stem cells Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger 191 (2009) 51-61[Application: ICC]2. Jin L Xiao CL Lu CH et al Transcriptomic and proteomic approach to studying SNX-2112-induced K562 cells apoptosis and anti-leukemia activity in K562-NOD/SCID mice FEBS Lett. 583 (2009) 1859-1866[Application: WB IP(Bad)]3. Ethena CM Hussonga SA Reilly C et al Transformation of the proteasome with age-related macular degeneration FEBS Letters 581 (2007) 885-890[Application: WB]4. Dekkena HV Winka JC Vissersa KJ et al Wnt pathway-related gene expression during malignant progression in ulcerative colitis Acta histochemica 109 (2007) 266-272[Application: IHC]5. Szuster-Ciesielska A Plewka K Daniluk J et al Zinc supplementation attenuates ethanol- and acetaldehyde-induced liver stellate cell activation by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and by influencing intracellular signaling Biochem Pharmacol. 78 (2009) 301-314[Application: WB]6. Kornasio R Riederer I Butler-Browne G et al Î ² -hydroxy-Î ² -methylbutyrate (HMB) stimulates myogenic cell proliferation differentiation and survival via the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways Biochim Biophys Acta. 1793 (2009) 755-763[Application: ICC]7. Bard L Boscher C Lambert M et al A Molecular Clutch between the Actin Flow and N-Cadherin Adhesions Drives Growth Cone Migration The Journal of Neuroscience 28 (2008) 5879 -5890[Application: ICC]8. Kim WY Chang DJ Hennessy B et al A Novel Derivative of the Natural Agent Deguelin for Cancer Chemoprevention and Therapy Cancer Prev Res 1 (2008) 577-587[Application: WB]9. Goplen N Gorska MM Stafford SJ et qal A Phosphosite Screen Identifies Autocrine TGF-Î ² -Driven Activation of Protein Kinase R as a Survival-Limiting Factor for Eosinophils The Journal of Immunology 180 (2008) 4256-4264[Application: ICC]10. Kim SH Markham JA Weiler IJ et al Aberrant early-phase ERK inactivation impedes neuronal function in fragile X syndrome Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 (2008) 4429-4434[Application: WB]11. Renner O Blanco-Aparicio C Grassow M et al Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase by Membrane Localization of p110Î ± Predisposes Mammary Glands to Neoplastic Transformation Cancer Res 68 (2008) 9643-9653[Application: IHC]12. Schwartz RA Carson CT Schuberth C et al Adeno-Associated Virus Replication Induces a DNA Damage Response Coordinated by DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase J. Virol. 83 (2009) 6269 -6278[Application: IP]13. Mishra R Cool BL Laderoute KR et al AMP-activated Protein Kinase Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor- -induced Smad3-dependent Transcription and Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation The Journal of Biological Chemistry 283 (2008) 10461-10469[Application: ELISA]14. Wang XL Su B Siedlaka SL et al Amyloid-Î ² overproduction causes abnormal mitochondrial dynamics via differential modulation of mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins PNAS 105 (2008) 19318 - 19323[Application: WB ICC]15. Mishra R Cool BL Laderoute KR et al AMP-activated Protein Kinase Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor- -induced Smad3-dependent Transcription and Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation The Journal of Biological Chemistry 283 (2008) 10461-10469[Application: ELISA]16. Maniatis NA Shinin V Schraufnagel DE et al Increased pulmonary vascular resistance and defective pulmonary artery filling in caveolin-1 -/- mice Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 294 (2008) L865 - L873[Application: IHC]17. Rubina K Kalinina N Potekhina A T-cadherin suppresses angiogenesis in vivo by inhibiting migration of endothelial cells Angiogenesis 10 (2007) 183-195[Application: ICC]18. Mishra R Simonson MS Oleate Induces a Myofibroblast-Like Phenotype in Mesangial Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28 (2008) 541-547[Application: ICC]19. Azuma K Ichimura K Mita T et al Presence of a-smooth muscle actin-positive endothelial cells in the luminal surface of adult aorta Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 380 (2009) 620-626[Application: IHC]20. Maass A Kajahn J Guerleyik E et al Towards a pragmatic strategy for regenerating infarcted myocardium with glandular stem cells Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger 191 (2009) 51-61[Application: ICC]21. Khawam K Giron-Michel J Gu Y et al Human Renal Cancer Cells Express a Novel Membrane-Bound Interleukin-15 that Induces in Response to the Soluble Interleukin-15 Receptor Î ± Chain Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Cancer Res 69 (2009) 1561-1569[Application: WB]22. Nio-Kobayashi J Takahashi-Iwanaga H Iwanaga T Immunohistochemical Localization of Six Galectin Subtypes in the Mouse Digestive Tract J. Histochem. Cytochem. 57 (2009) 41 - 50[Application: IHC]23. Dudas J Mansuroglu T Batusic D et al Thy-1 is an in vivo and in vitro marker of liver myofibroblasts Cell Tissue Res 329 (2007) 503-514[Application: IHC]24. Masuda R Mochizuki M Hozumi K et al A novel cell-adhesive scaffold material for delivering keratinocytes reduces granulation tissue in dermal wounds Wound Rep Reg 17 (2009) 127-135[Application: IHC]25. Shaposhnik Z Wang XP Trias J et al The Synergistic Inhibition of Atherogenesis in ApoE-/- Mice Between Pravastatin and the sPLA2 Inhibitor Varespladib (A-002) J Lipid Res. 50 (2009) 623-629[Application: IHC]26. Kielian T Syed MM Liu SL et al The Synthetic Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Î ³ Agonist Ciglitazone Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Accelerates Encapsulation in Bacterial Brain Abscesses The Journal of Immunology 180 (2008) 5004-5016[Application: ICC]27. Ootani A Li X Sangiorgi E et al Sustained in vitro intestinal epithelial culture within a Wnt-dependent stem cell niche Nat Med. 15 (2009) 701-706[Application: IHC]28. Auten RL Potts EN Mason SN et al Î ± -smooth muscle actin Am J Respir Crit Care Med 180 (2009) 1218-1226[Application: IHC]29. Mooney JE Rolfe BE Osborne GW et al Î ± -smooth muscle actin Am. J. Pathol. 176 (2010) 369-38030. Ueda T Yamada T Hokuto D et al Generation of functional gut-like organ from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells Biochem Biophys Res Commun 391 (2010) 38-42[Application: IHC]31. Mooney JE Rolfe BE Osborne GW et al Cellular Plasticity of Inflammatory Myeloid Cells in the Peritoneal Foreign Body Response Am J Pathol 176 (2010) 369-380[Application: ICC]32. Latonen L JÃ ¤ rvinen PM Suomela S et al Ultraviolet B radiation regulates cysteine-rich protein 1 in human keratinocytes Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 26 (2010) 70-77[Application: ICC]33. Pinto MP Badtke MM Dudevoir ML et al Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Secreted by Activated Stroma Enhances Angiogenesis and Hormone-Independent Growth of Estrogen Receptorâ ??Positive Breast Cancer Cancer Res 70 (2010) 2655-266434. Malik IA Moriconi F Sheikh N et al Single-Dose Gamma-Irradiation Induces Up-Regulation of Chemokine Gene Expression and Recruitment of Granulocytes into the Portal Area but Not into Other Regions of Rat Hepatic Tissue Am J Pathol 176 (2010) 1801-1815[Application: IHC]1. Herman I. M. Actin isoforms. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 5: 482. Bailly M. et al. The F-actin side binding activity of the Arp2/3 complex is essential for actin nucleation and lamellipod extension. Curr Biol. 11: 6203. Lim Y. P. et al. Selective tyrosine hyperphosphorylation of cytoskeletal and stress proteins in primary human breast cancers: implications for adjuvant use of kinase-inhibitory drugs. Clin. Cancer Res. 10: 39804. Olson T. M. et al. Actin mutations in dilated cardiomyopathy a heritable form of heart failure. Science 280: 7505. Miwa T. et al. Structure chromosome location and expression of the human smooth muscle (enteric type) gamma-actin gene: evolution of six human actin genes. Mol Cell Biol. 11: 3296-306 (1991). 2. Manufactured under U. S. Patents No. 5 675 063 and 7 429 487