Phospho Smad3 (pS423/425)

GWB-1B44DE

A synthetic phospho-specific peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser423 and Ser425 of human Smad3 was used as an immunogen. The antibody only detects Smad3 phosphorylated on Serine 423 and Serine 425.

WB: 1:1 000 - 10 000IHC: 1:100 - 250ICC: 1:100 - 250. Smad proteins belong to a group of intracellular signal transducers and downstream effectors of TGF-beta/BMP Signaling. The family consists of nine members that are highly conserved in the N- and C-terminal regions (1). Smad3 is a key component in intracellular signaling of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) an inhibitor for tumor cell proliferation (2). Smad3 is activated by activin/TGF-beta receptors which form a heteromeric complex with Smad4 translocating to the nucleus and regulating the expression of TGF- beta target genes. Interaction of Smad3 with Akt can initiate TGF- beta induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest (3). Smad3 expression may be critical in tumor suppression in early stages of gastric carcinogenesis 1. Mallaun M Naeher D Daniels MA et al The T Cell Receptorâ ??s -Chain Connecting Peptide Motif Promotes Close Approximation of the CD8 Coreceptor Allowing Efficient Signal Initiation The Journal of Immunology 180 (2008) 8211-8221[Application: IP]2. Salahshor S Naidoo R Serra S et al Frequent accumulation of nuclear E-cadherin and alterations in the Wnt signaling pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas Modern Pathology 21 (2008) 271-281[Application: IHC]3. Li YQ Guessous F Johnson EB et al Functional and molecular interactions between the HGF/c-Met pathway and c-Myc in large-cell medulloblastoma Laboratory Investigation 88 (2008) 98-111[Application: IHC]4. Xiao CC Srinivasan L Calado DP et al Lymphoproliferative disease and autoimmunity in mice with increased miR-17-92 expression in lymphocytes Nature Immunology 9 (2008) 405-414[Application: ICC]5. Mott JL Kobayashi S Bronk SF et al mir-29 regulates Mcl-1 protein expression and apoptosis Oncogene 26 (2007) 6133-6140[Application: ICC]6. Giampieri S Manning C Hooper S et al Localized and reversible TGFÎ ² signalling switches breast cancer cells from cohesive to single cell motility Nat Cell Biol. 11 (2009) 1287-1296[Application: IHC]7. Szuster-Ciesielska A Plewka K Daniluk J et al Zinc supplementation attenuates ethanol- and acetaldehyde-induced liver stellate cell activation by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and by influencing intracellular signaling Biochem Pharmacol. 78 (2009) 301-314[Application: WB]8. Pechkovsky DV Scaffidi AK Hackett TL et al Transforming Growth Factor Î ² 1 Induces Î ± vÎ ² 3 Integrin Expression in Human Lung Fibroblasts via Î ± Î ² 3 Integrin- c-Src- and p38 MAPK-dependent Pathway J. Biol. Chem. 283 (2008) 12898 - 12908[Application: WB]9. LeBrasseur NK Schelhorn TM Bernardo BL et al Myostatin Inhibition Enhances the Effects of Exercise on Performance and Metabolic Outcomes in Aged Mice J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 64A (2009) 940 - 948[Application: WB]10. Khimji AK Shao R Rockey DC Divergent Transforming Growth Factor-Î ² Signaling in Hepatic Stellate Cells after Liver Injury: Functional Effects on ECE-1 Regulation Am. J. Pathol. 173 (2008) 716 - 727[Application: WB ICC]11. Daly AC Vizà ¡ n P Hill CS Smad3 Protein Levels Are Modulated by Ras Activity and during the Cell Cycle to Dictate Transforming Growth Factor-Î ² Responses J Biol Chem 285 (2010) 6489-649712. Murphy KT Ryall JG Snell SM et al Antibody-Directed Myostatin Inhibition Improves Diaphragm Pathology in Young but not Adult Dystrophic mdx Mice Am J Pathol 176 (2010) 2425-24341. Yang X et al. Devel Biol 95:3667-3672 1998. 2. Preobrazhenska O et al. Oncogene 21:5660-5664 2002. 3. Qing C et al. J Biol Chem 275:38802-38812 2000. 4. Han SU et al. Oncogene 23:1333-1341 2004. 5. Manufactured under U. S. Patents No. 5 675 063 and 7 429 487