S100 beta [SH-B1]

GWB-9AB3ED

IgG1

Bovine

Human tongue tissue slide (IHC-P)

Lot specific and is stated on the vial Storage

Dot: Use at an assay dependent dilution.
ELISA: Use at an assay dependent dilution. IHC-P: Use at a dilution of 1/1000. Perform enzymatic antigen retrieval before commencing with IHC staining protocol. WB: Use at an assay dependent dilution. Predicted

Cytoplasmic S100 is a set of small thermolabile highly acidic dimer proteins of approximately 20 kDa which are widely distributed in different tissues. Dimeric combinations of two chains the alpha chain (93 a. a. 10. 4 kDa) and the beta chain (91 a. a. 10. 5 kDa) form the three known subtypes of S100: S100ao (alpha alpha) S100a (alpha beta) and S100b (beta beta). The S100 molecule is markedly conserved in the amino acid sequence although there is a slight variation of the primary structure in different species. The protein extracted from different organs of the same species is identical. The alpha and beta chains are 58% homologous (54 a. a. ). Both have divalent cation binding sites situated toward the carboxy terminus and apparently have similar functional features. S100 can be grouped with other calcium binding proteins such as calmodulin parvalbumin intestinal calcium binding protein myosin light chain and troponin-C. It shows a significant sequence homology with these proteins particularly around the calcium binding domain. Hence S100 is a calcium modulated protein2 that binds calcium and zinc ions reversibly at physiologic pH and ionic strength followed by a conformational change in the molecule. S100 is considered to be a cell growth regulator but other functions have been suggested e. g. increasing the membrane permeability to cations under physiologic conditions stimulation of nucleolar RNA polymerase activity and as a carrier of proteins and free fatty acids in adipocytes. Human S100 containing cells are subdivided to three groups: S100b containing cells such as Schwann cells pituicytes of the neurohypophysis Langerhansí cells and interdigitating cells; S100a containing cells such as glial cells and melanocytes; and S100ao containing cells such as neurons ganglion cells slow muscle cells cardiac cells monocytes and some macrophages. Although the tissue distribution of S100 is known to be too broad to conform to a single histologic pattern it is nonetheless sufficiently restricted that the localization of this protein is useful in the differential diagnosis of neoplasms and proliferative processes. Monoclonal antibody reacting specifically against the beta subunit of S100 is a useful tool in distinguishing malignant melanoma from undifferentiated carcinoma or lymphoma and in distinguishing gliamyomas and schwannomas and their counterparts in the gastrointestinal tract.

Dimer of either two alpha chains or two beta chains or one alpha and one beta chain. The S100B dimer binds two molecules of STK38 (By similarity). The S100B dimer interacts with two molecules of CAPZA1.

Although predominant among the water-soluble brain proteins S100 is also found in a variety of other tissues.

Belongs to the S-101 family.