G-418 Sulfate, 1 G

G-418 sulfate, also known as geneticin, is an aminoglycoside antibiotic similar in structure to gentamicin B1. It is commonly used in plant and mammalian cell culture as a selectable marker. G418 disulfate is freely soluble in water. Bacteria and algae require 5 µ g/ml or less while animal cells may require 300-500 µ g/ml. It functions by causing a chain of nonsense mutations during translation, ultimately resulting in inhibition of polypeptide synthesis and protein elongation. Resistance to G-418 is conferred through the nptll gene in plant cells and the neo gene in mammalian cells, which encode aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase. For gene selection applications, a kill curve can be made to determine the minimum effective G418 concentration to kill non-resistant cells. G418 longstanding application as a gene selection antibiotic, has a powerful new role in Genome editing utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 system 1 . CRISPR/Cas9: a molecular Swiss army knife for simultaneous introduction of multiple genetic modifications in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Off-white to off-white powder