Melatonin

73-31-4

C13H16N2O2

DMSO : >= 68 mg/mL (292.75 mM); Ethanol : >= 50 mg/mL (215.26 mM)

GPCR/G Protein; Neuronal Signaling; Autophagy; Autophagy; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease

Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. In Vivo: Melatonin increases the levels of activated PTEN, RSK-1, mTOR and AMPKalpha kinases, mildly inhibits ERK-1/2 phosphorylation and Bad phosphorylation, significantly inhibits phosphorylations of S6 Ribosomal Protein, 4E-BP1, GSK-3alpha and GSK-3beta, and slightly increases PRAS40 phosphorylation in animals^[1]. Melatonin ameliorates the neurotoxiciy and astrocyte activation induced by Abeta_1-42 in the cerebral cortex. Melatonin also blocks the reduction in Reelin and Dab1 expression induced by Abeta_1-42^[2]. Melatonin treatment and lack of NLRP3^-/- share similar inhibition of NF-kappaB and NLRP3 signaling pathway in mice. Melatonin treatment and lack of NLRP3^-/- share some patterns of clock genes expression, and improve cardiomyocytes morphology in mice^[3].