Melatonin

73-31-4

232.28

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (430.51 mM; Need ultrasonic); Ethanol : >= 50 mg/mL (215.26 mM)

GPCR/G Protein; Neuronal Signaling; Autophagy; Autophagy; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease

Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties^[1][2][3]. Melatonin is a novel selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation^[4]. Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced (HY-N0830) mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress^[5]. In Vivo: Melatonin increases the levels of activated PTEN, RSK-1, mTOR and AMPKalpha kinases, mildly inhibits ERK-1/2 phosphorylation and Bad phosphorylation, significantly inhibits phosphorylations of S6 Ribosomal Protein, 4E-BP1, GSK-3alpha and GSK-3beta, and slightly increases PRAS40 phosphorylation in animals^[1]. Melatonin ameliorates the neurotoxiciy and astrocyte activation induced by Abeta_1-42 in the cerebral cortex. Melatonin also blocks the reduction in Reelin and Dab1 expression induced by Abeta_1-42^[2]. Melatonin treatment and lack of NLRP3^-/- share similar inhibition of NF-kappaB and NLRP3 signaling pathway in mice. Melatonin treatment and lack of NLRP3^-/- share some patterns of clock genes expression, and improve cardiomyocytes morphology in mice^[3].