Propranolol (hydrochloride)

318-98-9

C16H22ClNO2

DMSO : >= 150 mg/mL (507.10 mM); H2O : 33.33 mg/mL (112.68 mM; Need ultrasonic)

GPCR/G Protein; Autophagy; Neuronal Signaling

Propranolol hydrochloride is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) antagonist with an IC₅₀ of 12 nM. IC50 & Target: IC50: 12 nM (betaAR)^[1] In Vitro: In cultured endothelial or tumor cells, propranolol has been shown to both reduce cAMP levels and simultaneously activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway downstream of betaAR inhibition^[2]. It displays high affinity for 5-HT_1B receptors (K_i= 17 nM), and milder affinity for 5HT_1D receptors (K_i= 10.2 uM)^[3]. In Vivo: Chronic administration of propranolol increased the beta(1)-adrenoceptors but decreased the beta(2)-adrenoceptors without changing total amount of plasma membrane beta-adrenoceptors^[4].