Pirmenol (hydrochloride)

61477-94-9

C22H31ClN2O

DMSO : >= 28 mg/mL (74.68 mM)

Neuronal Signaling; GPCR/G Protein; Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel

Pirmenol hydrochloride inhibits I_K.ACh by blocking muscarinic receptors. The IC₅₀ of Pirmenol for inhibition of Carbachol-induced I_K.ACh is 0.1 uM. IC50 & Target: IC50: 0.1 uM (I_K.ACh)^[1] In Vitro: Pirmenol inhibits the carbachol-induced I_K.ACh in a concentration-dependent manner. Pirmenol also inhibits the GTPgammaS-induced current although the concentrations of Pirmenol needed to inhibit the GTPgammaS-induced current are much higher than those to inhibit the carbachol-induced I_K.ACh. The IC₅₀ of Pirmenol for inhibition of the GTPgammaS-induced currents is 30 uM. The inhibitory effect of Pirmenol on these I_K.ACh is almost completely reversible and the outward current reappeared upon washout of Pirmenol. Pirmenol on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-operated K⁺ current (I_K.ACh) in atrial cells and on experimental atrial fibrillation in isolated guinea-pig hearts. In isolated atrial myocytes, Pirmenol concentration dependently inhibits the I_K.ACh induced by carbachol or intracellular loading of GTPgammaS. In Langendorff-perfused hearts Pirmenol reverses the carbachol-induced decreases in effective refractory periods and atrial fibrillation threshold^[1]. In Vivo: The pyridine-methanol derivative Pirmenol hydrochloride is a new antiarrhythmic agent. Single-dose studies in rodents demonstrate a 10- to 15-fold difference between the po and iv LD₅₀ values. In rats, the po LD₅₀ is 359.9 mg/kg and the iv LD₅₀ is 23.6 mg/kg. Mice LD₅₀ values are 215.5 and 20.8 mg/kg for po and iv routes, respectively. Short-term subacute iv toxicity studies in rats (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/kg) and dogs (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks elicite minimal reactions. Cardiac effects in dogs include drug related increases in heart rate, increases QRS duration, shortening of ST interval without evidence of cardiac tissue damage and mild local reaction at the injection site. Orally, Pirmenol is well tolerated for 13 weeks in rats receiving 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day while dogs given 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg/day shows anticholinergic effects at high levels (dryness of mucosae, body tremors). Heart rates are significantly accelerated only at the beginning of the study and QRS changes are seen with wide individual variations. No drug-related tissue changes are elicited in these species. Teratology studies in rats (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) and in rabbits (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) show no overt effect on organogenesis but embryotoxicity is seen at 150 mg/kg in rats^[2].