PhTx-74

Non Antibodies

AMPA receptors

Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C

507, 54

Selective Antagonist of Various AMPA Receptors

Centrifuge the vial before adding solvent (10, 000 x g for 5 minutes) to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Tap the vial to aid in dissolving the lyophilized product. Tilt and gently roll the liquid over the walls of the vial. Avoid vigorous vortexing. Light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. The product is soluble in pure water at high micromolar concentrations (100 µM - 1 mM). For long-term storage in solution, we recommend preparing a stock solution by dissolving the product in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration. Divide the stock solution into small aliquots and store at -20°C. Before use, thaw the relevant vial(s) and dilute to the desired working concentration in your working buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions in working buffers just before use. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity

41116134

PhTx-74 (Philanthotoxin-7, 4) is a synthetic polyamine analogue of the naturally occurring wasp venom toxin philanthotoxin-4, 3, 3. It is a potent and selective antagonist of certain isoforms of the AMPA type of ionotropic glutamate receptors1. PhTx-74 inhibited GluR1 and GluR3 homomers as well as GluR1/GluR2 where 100 μM inhibited nearly 100% of the glutamate evoked currents. However, up to 500 μM had no or little effect on GluR2 or GluR2/GluR3 channels1-2.

Yes

PhTx-74 (Philanthotoxin-7, 4) is a synthetic polyamine analogue of the naturally occurring wasp venom toxin philanthotoxin-4, 3, 3. It is a potent and selective antagonist of certain isoforms of the AMPA type of ionotropic glutamate receptors1.PhTx-74 inhibited GluR1 and GluR3 homomers as well as GluR1/GluR2 where 100 µM inhibited nearly 100% of the glutamate evoked currents. However, up to 500 µM had no or little effect on GluR2 or GluR2/GluR3 channels1-2.PhTx-74 (5 µM) was used as a tool to demonstrate circadian changes in AMPAR subtypes functionally expressed in somatosensory cortex slices and the removal of some AMPAR during sleep.Indeed, EPSPs were significantly depressed by PhTx-74 only after dark episodes3. As a measure for changes in AMPAR subunit composition after cocaine administration, PhTx-74 was used in synaptic transmission evaluation. AMPAR EPSCs from neurons treated earlier with cocaine showed increased sensitivity to bath application of 100 µM PhTx-74 compared with vehicle-treated cells, suggesting an increased contribution of GluR1-containing AMPARs to synaptic transmission after cocaine4.PhTx-74 was used to evaluate the effects of transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs) on AMPAR conductance; 100 µM PhTx-74 blocked GluA2/A4 currents to a different degree depending on the auxiliary TARP present5.